Interesting to hear about how there is not inspection cover for timing marks; and yeah, that's a step should be mentioned in the manual. Still it might not be necessary to remove the clutch cover to check valve clearances. Here's a tip. Watch the intake cam lobes. Once it depresses the intake valves and begins to close, that piston is on its way to TDC. At TDC, the intake and exhaust cam lobs face away from each other. It'll be a while before you have to do another valve clearance check, but you could get a piston to TDC, remove the chain tensioner, then remove the cams to replace shims and not remove the clutch cover. (never rotating the crank at that point)
As for a possible bent valve, I'd not suspect that actually happened just yet as the valve most likely made flat contact with the piston--just a stop of the rotation. You could install the cams and do a compression check. Also suspecting that everything could be buttoned-up and start the engine. Once at idle, immediately monitor the exhaust header pipes for heat build-up. The two should be equal.